Friday, May 6, 2011
Frame-relay Monitoring and Troubleshooting
Frame Relay is a high-performance WAN protocol that operates at the physical and data link layers of the OSI reference model. Frame Relay originally was designed for use across Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) interfaces. Today, it is used over a variety of other network interfaces as well. This article focuses on Frame Relay's specifications and applications in the context of WAN services.
http://docwiki.cisco.com/wiki/Frame_Relay
Monitoring -- Frame Relay Troubleshooting Tasks
To troubleshoot and resolve Voice over Frame Relay configuration issues, perform the following tasks:
- If no calls are going through, ensure that the frame-relay voice bandwidth command is configured.
- If VoFR is configured on a PVC and there are problems with data connectivity on that PVC, ensure that the frame-relay fragment command has been configured.
- If data is not being transmitted but fragmentation is configured, ensure that Frame Relay traffic shaping is turned on.
- If the problem is with the dial plan or the dial peers, use the show dial-plan number command with the argument dial string to display which dial peers are being used when a specific number is called.
- If there are problems connecting an FRF.11 trunk call, ensure that the session protocol command in dial peer configuration is set to frf11-trunk.
- If FRF.11 trunk calls on the Cisco 2600 or Cisco 3600 series routers are being configured, verify that the called-number vofr command in dial peer configuration is configured and that its number matches the destination pattern of the corresponding POTS dial peer.
- Ensure that the voice port is set to no shutdown.
- Ensure that the serial port or the T1/E1 controller is set to no shutdown.
- Toggle the voice port by first entering shutdown and then no shutdown every time the connection trunk or no connection trunk command is entered.
- Enter the show frame-relay pvc command to show the status of the PVCs.
- Enter the show frame-relay vofr command with the arguments interface, dlci, cid to show statistics and information on the open subchannels.
- Enter the show frame-relay fragment command with the arguments interface number and dlci to show the Frame Relay fragmentation configuration.
- Enter the show traffic-shape queue command to display the traffic-shaping information if Frame Relay traffic shaping is configured. The queue option displays the queueing statistics. For more information about traffic shaping,
STP.RSTP and PSTP
STP(Spanning-tree Protocol): Layer 2 protocol used in LAN enviroment to
avoid:
Mac-Table Inestability
Multiples copies of frames.
RSTP(Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol-802.1w Standard): it is the enhanced protocol of STP,
the main caracteristic of this one is Faster than STP (it converge in less than 6 seconds). PVST+ (Per Vlan Spanning Tree Plus) : This feature (by cisco) is used to create an instace of
STP for each VLAN. e.g.
modify the parameters (like to make root bridge for a specific VLAN) independiently
accord to your design goals.
MIST(Multiple Instances of Spaning Tree-802.1s): This protocol is the equivalent for PVST, however
this protocol just can be used in conjunction with RSTP.
Some useful Link :-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_Spanning_Tree_Protocol#Rapid_Spanning_Tree_Protocol_.28RSTP.29
Frame-relay with point to point interfaces
Frame-relay configuration
Frame-relay with point to point interfaces (ospf)
-------------------------------------------------------------Frame-relay router Output
Frame-relay-switch#sh frame-relay pvc | in 202
DLCI = 202, DLCI USAGE = SWITCHED, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial1/0
Frame-relay-switch#sh frame-relay pvc | in 501
DLCI = 501, DLCI USAGE = SWITCHED, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial1/1
Frame-relay-switch#
R3 configuration and output
interface Serial1/0
ip address 192.168.1.9 255.255.255.252
encapsulation frame-relay
ip ospf network point-to-point
no fair-queue
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.10 202 broadcast
no frame-relay inverse-arp
.
R3#sh ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
4.4.4.4 0 FULL/ - 00:00:36 192.168.1.10 Serial1/0
R3#sh frame-relay map
Serial1/0 (up): ip 192.168.1.10 dlci 202(0xCA,0x30A0), static,
broadcast,
CISCO, status defined, active
R3#
R3#sh frame-relay pvc
PVC Statistics for interface Serial1/0 (Frame Relay DTE)
Active Inactive Deleted Static
Local 1 0 0 0
Switched 0 0 0 0
Unused 0 2 0 0
DLCI = 201, DLCI USAGE = UNUSED, PVC STATUS = INACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial1/0
input pkts 0 output pkts 0 in bytes 0
out bytes 0 dropped pkts 0 in pkts dropped 0
out pkts dropped 0 out bytes dropped 0
in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0
out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0
out bcast pkts 0 out bcast bytes 0
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
pvc create time 00:11:46, last time pvc status changed 00:11:46
DLCI = 202, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial1/0
input pkts 77 output pkts 63 in bytes 6604
out bytes 5468 dropped pkts 0 in pkts dropped 0
out pkts dropped 0 out bytes dropped 0
in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0
out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0
out bcast pkts 53 out bcast bytes 4428
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
pvc create time 00:11:46, last time pvc status changed 00:11:36
DLCI = 203, DLCI USAGE = UNUSED, PVC STATUS = INACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial1/0
input pkts 0 output pkts 0 in bytes 0
out bytes 0 dropped pkts 0 in pkts dropped 0
out pkts dropped 0 out bytes dropped 0
in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0
out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0
out bcast pkts 0 out bcast bytes 0
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
pvc create time 00:11:46, last time pvc status changed 00:11:46
R3#
R4 configuration and output
interface Serial1/1
ip address 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.252
encapsulation frame-relay
ip ospf network point-to-point
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.9 501 broadcast
no frame-relay inverse-arp
!
R4#sh ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
3.3.3.3 0 FULL/ - 00:00:32 192.168.1.9 Serial1/1
R4#
R4#sh frame-relay map
Serial1/1 (up): ip 192.168.1.9 dlci 501(0x1F5,0x7C50), static,
broadcast,
CISCO, status defined, active
R4#sh frame-relay pvc interface serial 1/1
PVC Statistics for interface Serial1/1 (Frame Relay DTE)
Active Inactive Deleted Static
Local 1 0 0 0
Switched 0 0 0 0
Unused 0 2 0 0
DLCI = 501, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial1/1
input pkts 59 output pkts 72 in bytes 5132
out bytes 6184 dropped pkts 0 in pkts dropped 0
out pkts dropped 0 out bytes dropped 0
in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0
out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0
out bcast pkts 62 out bcast bytes 5144
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
pvc create time 00:12:59, last time pvc status changed 00:10:49
DLCI = 502, DLCI USAGE = UNUSED, PVC STATUS = INACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial1/1
input pkts 0 output pkts 0 in bytes 0
out bytes 0 dropped pkts 0 in pkts dropped 0
out pkts dropped 0 out bytes dropped 0
in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0
out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0
out bcast pkts 0 out bcast bytes 0
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
pvc create time 00:13:03, last time pvc status changed 00:13:03
DLCI = 503, DLCI USAGE = UNUSED, PVC STATUS = INACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial1/1
input pkts 0 output pkts 0 in bytes 0
out bytes 0 dropped pkts 0 in pkts dropped 0
out pkts dropped 0 out bytes dropped 0
in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0
out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0
out bcast pkts 0 out bcast bytes 0
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
pvc create time 00:13:04, last time pvc status changed 00:13:04
R4#
Frame-relay configuration with non-broadcast network
R3 configuration and output
R3#sh run int serial 1/0
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 264 bytes
!
interface Serial1/0
ip address 192.168.1.9 255.255.255.0
encapsulation frame-relay
ip ospf network non-broadcast
no fair-queue
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.11 203
frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.10 202
no frame-relay inverse-arp
end
interface Loopback0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
end
router ospf 1
router-id 3.3.3.3
log-adjacency-changes
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
neighbor 192.168.1.10
neighbor 192.168.1.11
!
R3#
R3#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 4.4.4.4 [110/65] via 192.168.1.10, 00:20:35, Serial1/0
7.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 7.7.7.7 [110/65] via 192.168.1.11, 00:20:35, Serial1/0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
R3#
R3#sh ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
4.4.4.4 0 FULL/DROTHER 00:01:58 192.168.1.10 Serial1/0
7.7.7.7 0 FULL/DROTHER 00:01:32 192.168.1.11 Serial1/0
R3#
R4 configuration and output
R4#sh running-config interface serial 1/1
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 269 bytes
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
interface Serial1/1
ip address 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0
encapsulation frame-relay
ip ospf network non-broadcast
ip ospf priority 0
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.11 501
frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.9 501
no frame-relay inverse-arp
end
R4#
R4#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 3.3.3.3 [110/65] via 192.168.1.9, 00:22:16, Serial1/1
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0
7.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 7.7.7.7 [110/65] via 192.168.1.11, 00:22:06, Serial1/1
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1
R4#
R4#sh ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
3.3.3.3 1 FULL/DR 00:01:35 192.168.1.9 Serial1/1
R4#
R7 configuration and output
interface Serial1/2
ip address 192.168.1.11 255.255.255.0
encapsulation frame-relay
ip ospf network non-broadcast
ip ospf priority 0
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.10 301
frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.9 301
no frame-relay inverse-arp
end
R7#sh running-config interface loopback 0
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 63 bytes
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 7.7.7.7 255.255.255.255
end
R7#
R7#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 3.3.3.3 [110/65] via 192.168.1.9, 00:24:08, Serial1/2
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 4.4.4.4 [110/65] via 192.168.1.10, 00:23:58, Serial1/2
7.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 7.7.7.7 is directly connected, Loopback0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/2
R7#
R7#sh ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
3.3.3.3 1 FULL/DR 00:01:37 192.168.1.9 Serial1/2
R7#
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